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At-home test or colonoscopy: which colorectal cancer screening is best?
By Steven Gorelick, , System Chair of the Digestive Health Institute, Nuvance Health System Chair of the Digestive Health Institute, Nuvance Health
When it comes to colorectal cancer, early detection is key. Currently, two primary categories of testing are available as screening methods; these are at-home tests and a colonoscopy exam. Let's explore the differences between these two tests so that you can make the best choice for your health.
Learn about your colorectal cancer risk. Take a Colon Cancer Risk Quiz now.
What is colorectal cancer?
Colorectal cancer is a disease that starts in your colon or rectum, often beginning as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that can turn cancerous over time. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In the U.S., it ranks as the third most common cancer in both men and women. The American Cancer Society estimates there will be 106,590 new colon cancer cases in the U.S. by the end of 2024.
Related content: Polyps found during colonoscopy, what's next?
Despite these alarming numbers, early detection significantly improves your chances of treatment and successful outcomes. That is why gastroenterologists recommend regular colorectal cancer screenings to detect abnormal polyps before they develop into cancer.
Related content: What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Colonoscopy: The ‘gold standard’ for screening
Colonoscopy is considered the most effective screening method for colorectal cancer by almost all international and national gastroenterology and cancer societies. It allows doctors to examine the lining of your colon and rectum to spot any abnormalities such as pre-cancerous polyps.
During the procedure, a long, flexible tube with a camera called a colonoscope is inserted through your rectum and guided through your colon. In this respect it is not only a test that serves as screening for cancer but is the only test that has been proven time and time again to prevent colon cancer.
Related content: What will happen if my colonoscopy is abnormal?
The benefits of a colonoscopy are significant because it allows your doctor to see and immediately remove any polyps or abnormal growths, reducing your risk of colon cancer.
Find a gastroenterologist near me.
The procedure does require a bowel cleansing beforehand so the gastroenterologist can fully evaluate the lining of the colon.
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- Always bring a current list of medications (including over-the-counter drugs and supplements) to medical appointments
- Ask questions when you don't understand medical instructions or terminology
- Request copies of your test results and medical records for your personal files
- Most preventive care services are covered at 100% by insurance under the Affordable Care Act
- Second opinions are recommended for major diagnoses or treatment plans
- Many medications have generic alternatives that can save you money
- Patient portals provide convenient access to your medical information and communication with providers
- You have the right to access and review your medical records
- Preventive screenings (like mammograms and colonoscopies) can detect health issues before symptoms appear
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