Primary Care

Medicinal cannabis: what it is, how it works and who it can help.

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05/09/2025

Whether you’re seeking relief for chronic pain or managing symptoms of a medical condition, medicinal cannabis may be helpful for you.

 

By Matthew J. Velsmid, MD, Internal Medicine, Nuvance Health Medical Practice

 

In recent years, the therapeutic potential of medicinal cannabis has risen above its recreational reputation, gaining widespread recognition and acceptance. According to the National Library of Medicine, enrollment in medicinal cannabis programs increased 450% from 2016 to 2020.

 

If you’re curious about the healing properties of medicinal cannabis, talk to your primary care provider to see if it’s right for you.

 

What is medicinal cannabis?

 

Often called medicinal marijuana, medicinal cannabis comes from the Cannabis sativa plant and can help relieve different types of chronic pain. 

 

Unlike recreational cannabis, medicinal cannabis is used to help manage symptoms and support treatment of specific health conditions.

 

 

What conditions does medicinal cannabis treat?

 

Medicinal cannabis may help a range of conditions and enhance quality of life for some. Common conditions treated with medicinal cannabis include: 

  • Anxiety

  • Arthritis

  • Depression

  • Epilepsy

  • Fibromyalgia

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  • Neuropathy

 

 

Does regulated cannabis mean it’s safer to consume?

 

Unregulated cannabis products may be contaminated with pesticides, heavy metals, mold, bacteria and other toxins. In states where medicinal cannabis is regulated, products are tested for these contaminants before they’re available to the public.

 

What is the difference between THC and CBD?

 

Medicinal cannabis comes in two primary strain types:

 

THC-dominant strains are high in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the compound responsible for the “high” feeling. These strains are often used for pain relief, nausea and appetite stimulation.

 

CBD-dominant strains contain more cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound with therapeutic benefits. CBD may help with conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, inflammation and insomnia.

 

 

How is medicinal cannabis used?

 

Medicinal cannabis can be formulated into oils, capsules, edibles and so much more. It can be used in various ways, such as by being consumed: 

  • Edibles

  • Extracts/tinctures

  • Capsules

 

Or by being topically applied: 

  • Creams

  • Lotions

  • Ointments

 

Your primary care doctor can help determine the best form and dosage based on your needs and comfort level.

 

 

What are side effects of medicinal cannabis?

 

While medicinal cannabis may ease symptoms, side effects can occur. These may include: 

  • Dizziness

  • Dry mouth

  • Impaired coordination (difficulty driving or using machinery)

  • Cognitive effects (short-term memory issues or slower thinking)

 

To reduce the risk of side effects, it’s a good idea to start with a low dose and increase gradually under your provider’s care.

 

 

The bottom line: Medicinal cannabis can potentially help alleviate chronic pain or provide relief for several health conditions. However, it’s a good idea to check with your primary care doctor first to see what works best for you.